国家安全监管总局、公安部、国家煤矿安监局关于河南省平顶山市卫东区兴东二矿“6·21”特别重大炸药爆炸事故的通报
作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-07-12 21:56:33 浏览:8764
来源:法律资料网
国家安全监管总局、公安部、国家煤矿安监局关于河南省平顶山市卫东区兴东二矿“6·21”特别重大炸药爆炸事故的通报
国家安全监管总局 公安部 国家煤矿安监局
国家安全监管总局 公安部 国家煤矿安监局关于河南省平顶山市卫东区兴东二矿“6·21”特别重大炸药爆炸事故的通报
安监总煤调〔2010〕103号
各产煤省、自治区、直辖市及新疆生产建设兵团煤矿安全监管部门、煤炭行业管理部门、公安厅（局），各省级煤矿安全监察机构，司法部直属煤矿管理局，有关中央企业：
2010年6月21日1时40分许，河南省平顶山市卫东区兴东二矿井下发生一起炸药爆炸事故，事故发生时井下有作业人员75人，事故发生后有26人获救升井。事故共造成49人遇难、26人受伤（其中7人重伤）。
事故发生后，党中央、国务院高度重视，胡锦涛总书记、温家宝总理和张德江副总理立即作出重要批示，要求千方百计抢救被困人员，严防发生次生事故，弄清事故情况和人数，全力以赴救治伤员，做好事故善后工作，查清事故原因，依法依规严肃处理。受党中央、国务院委派，国务委员兼国务院秘书长马凯同志率有关部门负责同志紧急赶赴事故现场，对抢险救援、伤员救治、事故善后、事故调查和加强安全生产工作等作出全面部署。国务院有关部门和河南省委、省政府主要负责同志率有关人员紧急赶赴事故现场，指导事故抢险救援和善后处理等工作。
该矿为乡镇煤矿，2008年被批准由6万吨／年技改为9万吨／年。截至2010年6月6日，该矿采矿许可证等证照均已过期，按照河南省人民政府《关于加强煤矿安全生产若干规定的通知》（豫政〔2010〕17号）文件要求，该矿已被确定为关闭矿井。初步分析，事故是由该矿非法违法组织生产、私存炸药发生爆炸引发的，暴露出以下突出问题：
一是严重非法违法组织生产。该矿已被河南省人民政府确定为关闭矿井，而且采矿许可证等证照已经过期，地方政府已责令其停产，并采取了断电措施。但该矿拒不执行停产指令，私自接通电源，继续违法组织生产。
二是违法违规私存炸药。该矿按规定本不应购置使用炸药，但该矿在井下违规储存炸药量高达2吨多，且存储在不具备储存火工品条件的巷道中。存储点无独立回风系统，致使发生爆炸后大量有毒有害气体扩散到井下其他巷道，导致现场作业人员中毒窒息死亡，造成事故扩大。
三是停产关闭措施不力。矿井停产、关闭工作不到位，政府及有关部门对已确定关闭的矿井，没有采取坚决果断措施，按照有关标准规定立即实施关闭并关实关死，要求其停产也没有真正停下来。
四是驻矿监管人员严重失职。地方政府驻矿、包矿人员玩忽职守，没有查处、制止该矿非法违法组织生产和违规购买、储存、使用炸药的违法行为。
这起事故性质恶劣，损失惨重，影响极坏，教训十分深刻。为认真吸取事故教训，举一反三，杜绝类似事故再次发生，特提出以下要求：
一、严厉打击非法违法生产行为。各地要牢固树立安全发展理念，正确处理好安全与发展、安全与生产、安全与经济、安全与效益的关系。狠抓事故防范，强化措施，深入开展打击非法违法专项行动，坚决、彻底、严厉打击各类非法违法生产、经营和建设行为。对发现有非法违法生产经营的单位，要严肃处罚，及时向社会公示曝光，该关闭的要依法关闭。同时，要充分利用行政、经济和法律手段，加大对非法违法生产行为相关责任的追究力度，依法严肃处理，构成犯罪的，要移交司法机关依法追究刑事责任。对弄虚作假、拒不执行停产指令、无证或证照不全非法开采的矿井要坚决依法及时予以关闭。
二、加强煤矿爆炸物品安全管理。煤矿要建立爆炸物品购买、储存、运输、使用各环节的安全管理制度和岗位责任制，并严格落实。严禁煤矿私自非法购买、使用爆炸物品。煤矿选用的爆炸物品的安全等级必须与煤矿的瓦斯等级相对应，严禁使用非煤矿许用爆炸物品。要建立爆炸物品装卸、保管、领退、登记、销毁制度，对不符合规定的爆炸物品应及时进行销毁处理。要切实加强爆炸品现场安全管理，设置符合国家有关标准和规范的专用储存库、发放硐室，严禁非法违规超量储存。各有关部门和煤矿企业要全面立即开展以防爆炸为重点的专项检查，对煤矿爆炸物品的来源、储存、使用情况进行全面检查，切实加强爆炸物品管理和隐患排查治理。对整合关闭、停产整顿的矿井，要彻底查清其爆炸物品的来源及流向，严防矿主转移、藏匿爆炸物品引发祸端。对收缴的爆炸物品，要及时、全部予以安全销毁。
三、深化煤矿安全专项整治工作。各地要深入开展煤矿建设项目安全监察专项行动，水害、瓦斯、防灭火专项整治和中央企业煤矿安全专项检查。要突出工作重点，对建设项目（包括整合项目）安全生产工作进行严格的检查。要抓住关键环节，认真开展矿井水害防治工作，强化基础工作，落实探放水措施，有效防治水害；要加强瓦斯防治工作，坚决防止煤与瓦斯突出，杜绝瓦斯超限；要进一步深入开展防灭火专项整治，有效防范各类火灾；要加快建设矿井安全“避险”六大系统建设，提升矿井安全保障能力。要进一步做好煤矿整顿关闭工作，完善小煤矿关闭措施，大力推进煤矿整顿关闭工作制度化、常态化。对不具备安全生产条件、不符合产业政策的煤矿，坚决依法实施关闭。对纳入关闭的矿井要坚决关死，对纳入整合的矿井要坚决管住。
四、严格落实煤矿安全生产主体责任。企业是安全生产的责任主体，要严格落实“安全第一、预防为主、综合治理”安全生产方针，自觉做到安全生产、遵纪守法。要深入开展煤矿安全标准化建设，规范安全生产行为，加强基础管理工作，提高安全保障能力。要加强现场管理、加强班组建设，通过层层分解落实安全生产责任，认真落实领导干部下井带班制度，把安全生产制度、措施真正落实到每个班组、落实到每个岗位，坚决杜绝违章指挥、违章作业、违反劳动纪律，通过严格管理，确保职工安全、健康。要严格隐患排查，集中抓好安全生产大检查中查出问题的整改，对重大隐患要挂牌督办，确保整改到位，有效预防事故。
五、强化煤矿安全监管监察。各级煤矿安全监管、煤炭行业管理部门和驻地煤矿安全监察机构，要认真按照《国务院办公厅关于继续深入开展“安全生产年”活动的通知》（国办发〔2010〕15号）的要求，以突出预防为主、突出加强监管、突出落实责任为重点，按照各自职责，认真查找本地区煤矿安全生产工作中存在的薄弱环节和漏洞，采取有力措施深化执法检查，推进煤矿安全生产综合治理，做好日常监管、行业管理和安全监察工作。对整合技改、停产整顿和拟关闭的矿井，要加大监管检查执法力度，有效防范和坚决遏制事故发生。要以查大系统、治大隐患、防大事故为重点，组织开展好隐患排查治理工作。要根据汛期煤矿安全生产工作的特点，切实做好雨季“三防”工作，有效预防井下透水事故和暴雨洪水引发煤矿事故灾难。
请各省级安全监管部门及时将本通报精神传达到辖区内所有煤矿。
国家安全生产监督管理总局
公安部
国家煤矿安全监察局
二○一○年六月二十三日
The Draft Constitution and Human Rights Protection in European Union
周大勇 (Zhou,Dayong)
1 the general introduction of the draft constitution in aspect of the human rights
2 short review of the human rights protection in European Union
3 the new points in aspect of human rights in the draft constitution
3.1 common values
3.2 incorporation of the Charter of fundamental rights
3.3 other changes could affect the human rights
4 arisen questions
4.1 the protection different from under the Convention
4.2 the two courts system and its application
5 conclusions in a historical view
1 general introduction of the draft constitution in aspect of the human rights
“Conscious that Europe is a continent that has brought forth civilization; That its inhabitants, arriving in successive waves from earliest times, have gradually developed the values underlying humanism: equality of persons, freedom, respect for reason” Extract from the preamble to the draft Constitution
In past 16 years, the European Union (EU hereafter) has marked itself through a series of changes. From The Single European Act, in which the Union committed itself to create a single market and at the same time establish on its territory the freedom of movement of people, goods, services as well as capital, to Maastricht Treaty, which brought the Union into reality and led to common foreign policy and cooperation in the area of justice and internal affairs as a higher level cooperation among Member States. Then the following Amsterdam (1997) and Nice (2001) Treaties, strengthened cooperation in foreign and security policy and placed Justice and Home Affairs matters and established the frame for the Union as a legitimate institution, in which people from different nations integrated in a large region would have common historical direction and splendid future before them. Just before the door of enlargement of the Union, it was argued that the Union has to improve democracy and transparency as well as efficiency, in order to outlines the EU’s purpose and competence clearly and streamline structures so as to prevent paralysis, therefore a new constitution for the Union is determined to replace the EU's series of key treaties in passed over the last 50 years as a single document .
Under leading of former French President and master draftsman Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, the European Convention set about its work of drafting the European Union's first ever full-fledged constitution. With the convention's work completed, the draft must now be finalized by an Intergovernmental Conference of European leaders that is expected to complete deliberations by the end of the 2003. As far as our topic is concerned, noticeably modifications come out in the constitution contract, first of all, the incorporation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, which we will discuss later. In the beginning it is meaningful to consider the statues of the draft constitution in the progress course of the Union. The Union desires to bring peace and prosperity, to promote economic and social progress through continuously integrating market and expanding freedom under light of united institution and social systems . These goals, however, are the foundation of development and protection of human rights . That means, if we regard human rights as a series right which realized at first in peaceful and law-ruling society, then the Union has already kept on entrenching to appreciate these goal from beginning on, and now by means of perusing such goal in a larger region through enlargement, the EU’s influence extent to broader area and more people.
The draft constitution then in such context should be viewed as another historical phase in the process. Because the promoting of well-being and fortune of people depend not only on the development of economic situation and adding some single freedom clauses into the governmental documents, but also upon the entire politic system and background in which we live. Without governing based on democratic and effective institutional structure, and especially a ripe legislation and judiciary mechanism, the realization and protection of human rights could only be on the paper. This is also one of the motive caused the Declaration on the future of the European Union which committed the Union to becoming more democratic, more transparent and effective, in order to pave the way for a Constitution in response to the expectations of the people of Europe . In this perspective, one shall recognize the Constitution as a moving forward step of the whole EU institutionalization targeting its goal, so that to discuss the Constitution in connection with the human right protection, it is helpful to review the human rights protection in Europe and, especially in EU.
2 short review of the human rights protection in European Union
The protection of human rights has been internationally come to life in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 (UDHR) with reorganization of disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind and respect for inherent dignity as well as the equal rights of all members of the human. This declaration states explicitly that the rights and freedoms of humans have to be guaranteed without distinction and destruction by any group, state or person. These principles were broadly accepted by European countries, considering the origin of the EU (EC) and the historical separation in Europe after WWII, we denote only the contracting countries of European Community.
For the Member States of EC, the Council of Europe has been up to now the most important instrument, which established in 1949 as a result of the Congress of Europe in The Hague , and took for the basic of the human rights protection. The Council accepted the principles of Universal Declaration of Human Rights and integrated it into The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights (the Convention hereafter), which and its 12 Protocols turned out to be the significant resource for Human Rights protection in Europe. Because of the existence of the Convention, the other two organizations established in the same age aftermath of the Second World War, i.e. OEEC and the European Communities didn’t include relevant clauses for Human Rights protection into their founding treaties. Since it was agreed at that time, the Council of Europe would focus on the protection of human rights, fundamental freedoms and democratic values, whereas the OECD and the European Communities were to be concerned with the economic restoration of Europe. The reason of separate organizations was based on a view to avoiding economic excuses for future inhumanity. Another reason came from the thought, which believed that the process of economic integration set forth in the Community Treaties could not lead to a violation of human rights. Furthermore, the original Member States in the Treaty of Rome feared, that the inclusion of a "bill of rights" in the Treaty might have brought about an undesirable expansion of Community powers, since it could lead Community institutions to interpret their powers as extending to anything not explicitly prohibited by the enumerated guarantees.
Under the regime of Council of Europe, a lots of achievement of human rights improvement has been reached , yet along with the development and expansion of EU, another mechanism on protection of human rights which does not totally rely on the Council of Europe has derived out on one hand, on the other hand being lack of provisions ruling human rights protection in the Treaty establishing EC did not prevent the EC and the later European Union from providing care for the protection against the violations on human rights. Naturally, how could a swelling supranational organization as EC, which has been continually strengthening its power in all social aspects, does not involve in human rights issues especially when the consciousness of human rights nowadays become more significant both in international and national stages? Regarding to EU, The protection system has been formed in three aspects.
First of all, the legislation in the Member States of EU. Since there were no Member States of EU (EC) which accedes to the Community without being a member of the Council of Europe, and according to the Convention, it impose obligations on the Member States that they should ensure that the internal laws and practices comply with the human rights standards set out in the instruments. Very member states in EU have recognize the principles derived from the Convention and incorporated them somehow into national laws, most importantly, provided constitutive protection as the basic legal resource for human rights protection. For example in Germany, Basic Law (Grundgesetz) Art 1 to 19 deliver explicit provisions even beyond the Convention; the same case as Part VIII (§71-85) in Constitution of Denmark ; in Britain the Act of Human Rights came into force on 2 October 2000 steers extending a ways, in which the Convention can be used before domestic courts. Certainly, according to the classic human rights lessons, the basic protection of human rights could only be afforded at the national level through national legislation and excise of authoritative power.
Secondly, the institutions and legislation at the EU level acts also with high respect to the human rights protection. The EU has showed its commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms and has explicitly confirmed the EU's attachment to fundamental social rights ever since its establishment.
The Amsterdam Treaty established procedures intended to secure their protection. It was ascertained, as a general principle, that the European Union should respect human rights and fundamental freedoms, upon which the Union is founded. For the first time a procedure is introduced, according to which severe and continuing violations of Fundamental Rights can lead to suspension of voting and other rights of a member state, if the Union determined the existence of a serious and persistent breach of these principles by that Member State. As to the Candidate countries, they should also respect these principles to join the Union. Furthermore, It has also given the European Court of Justice the power to ensure respect of fundamental rights and freedoms by the European institutions. In accordance with the inner requirement for the implementation of development cooperation operations, in order to reach objective of developing and consolidating democracy, EU also need its rule respecting for human rights. Such cases we have are for instance the EU Council’s regulation on human rights, Council Regulation (EC) No 975/199 and Council Regulation (EC) No 976/1999 for example, are aimed at providing technical and financial aid for operations to promote and protect of civil and political rights as well as economic, social and cultural rights etc.
Likewise, at their meeting in Cologne in June 1999, EU leaders declared that in respect to the current stage of progress of the European Union, the fundamental rights applicable at Union level should be pushed forward, namely be consolidated in a Charter and thereby made more evident. They argued, that the legal resources of human rights protection come from not only the European Convention of Human Right, but also from various international conventions drawn up by the Council of Europe as well as the United Nations and the International Labor Organization, they also include EU treaties themselves and from the case law of the European Court of Justice. As a result, a Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter hereinafter) was sketch out, which highlighted the EU’s respect for human rights, for fundamental freedoms and for the principle of democracy through listing more rights a more precise definition of the common values comparing the early documents including the Convention. We will continue to concentrate on the Charter in point 3 since it has been integrated in the draft Constitution as an outstanding achievement.
Finally, the opinion and case-law of European Court of Justice (ECJ hereafter) also have immense impact on the establishment of the instrument of human rights protection within EU.
Although the jurisprudence developed by the ECJ recognizes the Convention as the standard-setter in cases in which the Court has to consider and decide a human rights issue, since there were no relevant legislation existed in the frame of the Community, the ECJ furnish itself power in this aspect by means of case-law. Earlier in 1974, the ECJ first made reference to the ECHR in the Nold judgment, in which the ECJ emphasized its commitment to fundamental human rights based on the constitutional traditions of the Member States’ fundamental rights form an integral part of the general principles of law which the Court enforces. In assuring the protection of such rights, the Court is required to base itself on the constitutional traditions common to the Member States and therefore could not allow measures, which are incompatible with the fundamental rights recognized and guaranteed by the constitutions of such States. The ECJ declared, that the international treaties on the protection of human rights in which the Member States have cooperated or to which they have adhered could also supply indications which may be taken into account within the framework of Community law.
That implied, even without clear regulations in the treaties, the remedy against violation on human rights could also be provided within the framework of the Community in respect for the common traditions applied to the Member States, and in connection with we have mentioned about the Member States’ above, the principles and resource applied to the Member States derived from the Council of Europe. Thus a EU standard could be established by transform a rating comparison of the members’ legal systems to the case-law in ECJ in respect for human rights.
中华人民共和国政府和奥地利共和国政府卫生合作协定
中国政府 奥地利共和国政府
中华人民共和国政府和奥地利共和国政府卫生合作协定
（签订日期１９８９年５月１３日 生效日期１９９０年４月２８日）
中华人民共和国政府和奥地利共和国政府（以下简称“缔约双方”），希望促进两国在卫生事业和应用医学研究方面的合作，认识到共同努力解决双方感兴趣的医学问题是适宜的，考虑到医学和卫生事业对当今人类的意义，意识到有责任根据世界卫生组织的宗旨和原则，尽可能保护两国国民的健康，一致同意缔结本协定，条文如下：
第一条 缔约双方将促进在卫生事业和应用医学研究方面的合作，特别注重交流在卫生事业组织、医生和其他医务人员的培训深造、传染病的防治等方面的经验，以及执行共同感兴趣的应用医学研究项目。
第二条 为实现合作，缔约双方将特别促进：
一、卫生事业机构以及应用医学研究机构的合作和直接联系；
二、双方医学科学协会的合作；
三、卫生事业和应用医学研究领域的科学家和专家的交流和其他直接接触与联系，包括利用有关的实验室、科学图书馆和医学情报中心；
四、相互邀请科学家和专家参加有关的专业会议。
第三条 为实施本协定，缔约双方分别指定中华人民共和国卫生部和奥地利共和国主管卫生事业的联邦总理府为本协定的执行机构。双方执行机构将制定一个有效期为五年的工作执行计划。在这个计划中，应考虑均衡互利的原则，就科学家和专家交流的范围和形式，卫生事业及应用医学研究领域的共同具体项目达成进一步协议。
第四条 缔约双方派遣科学家和专家时，派遣方承担到达接待国首都的往返旅费。接待方承担上述人员在其国内逗留期间的费用，包括有关的旅行费用。接待方每天为对方派遣人员支付一笔生活费，生活费标准将根据接待国的生活费标准在工作计划中加以规定。
第五条 本协定自缔约双方完成各自的法律程序并相互通知之日起第三十天生效。本协定有效期为五年。如缔约任何一方在本协定期满六个月前未通过外交途径以书面形式通知缔约另一方终止本协定，则本协定将自动延长五年，并依此法顺延。
本协定于一九八九年五月十三日在维也纳签订，一式两份，每份都用中文和德文写成，两种文本具有同等效力。
注：缔约双方相互通知已完成各自法律程序，本协定自一九九０年四月二十八日起生效。
中华人民共和国政府 奥地利共和国政府
代 表 代 表
陈敏章 埃特尔
（签字） （签字）
