工商执法工作的一点体会/田凯
作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-06-03 07:57:41 浏览:9465
来源:法律资料网
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工商执法工作的一点体会
随着市场经济体制的逐步完善和入世后规范市场经济秩序的要求，依法行政，已成为各级工商行政管理部门的共识。本人结合多年来的执法实践，有以下几点体会：
一是记住四句话：
1、事实要清楚；2、证据要充分；3、依据要正确；4、程序要合法。
二是五大行政法律要学习：
1、《行政处罚法》：(1)牢牢掌握处罚法定原则；(2)三个程序要掌握，其中一般程序一定要掌握，并记住两句话：先立案后取证，先取证后裁决；2、《行政诉讼法》：自觉接受司法监督；3、《行政复议法》：加强内部监督；4、《国家赔偿法》：不要给当事人造成损害，要文明执法；5、《行政监察法》：严格要求自己。
三是树立六种意识：
1、服务意识。为人民服务是党的宗旨，立党为公，执政为民。如何体现“权为民所用，情为民所系，利为民所谋”“三个代表”的精神实质，要见诸实际工作之中。为改革、开放服务，为经济建设服务，为社会稳定服务，是我们工作的出发点和落脚点，同样也是文明执法的出发点和落脚点。因此，只有树立了服务意识，才能有文明执法的思想基础，服务意识是做好各项工作的动力，是文明执法的力量源泉。
2、程序意识。程序是依法行政的保障。行政执法只有严格依照法定程序进行，才能使执法活动增加一份合法保证。由于受传统习惯的影响，在当前行政执法中普遍存在的重实体、轻程序的做法，应该引起高度重视。行政管理中的诸多程序法律法规已清楚载明，即使实体方面都正确，因为某一项程序上操作违法，同样会导致行政执法错误而被推上被告席。严格按程序操作，是我们文明执法的保证。
3、效果意识。效果是衡量执法水平的标尺。要端正执法观念，“发展是硬道理”，经济发展是一切工作的出发点和最终目的。要切忌盲目执法，杜绝执法的形式主义和教条主义，做好执法效果和社会效果的统一。因此，我们要通过查处大量的行政违法案件，扩大案件的社会效果，让更多的人接受法律的规范，依法行事，这也是我们文明执法的初衷。
4、效率意识。效率是行政的生命。随着经济的快速发展，各种经济违法行为越来越多，越来越隐蔽。这就要求我们反应迅速，出击有力，及时查处，依法多办案办好案，从而为促进经济发展，维护社会主义市场经济秩序，保驾护航。这是我们文明执法的目的。
5、质量意识。以事实为根据，以法律为准绳，严肃执法，秉公办案，保证案件质量，是我们文明执法的核心。所办案件，要经得起司法审查，经得起时间检验。
6、形象意识。人民群众对工商执法干部的信任是从外表开始的。如果衣着不整，满嘴脏话、粗话，举止轻浮，蛮横无理，人民群众就会失去对工商执法人员的信任感，文明执法就无从谈起。因此，实施“形象工程”，养成良好的品行和端庄的举止，文雅的谈吐，整齐的穿戴，给人民群众一个良好的第一印象，是我们文明执法的良好开端。
四是把握七大原则：
1、法律至上原则
法是国家意志的重要表现形式。我国是人民当家作主的社会主义国家，行政机关的权力来源于人民。人民代表大会表述意志的最基本的途径和形式是制定法律。行政机关也就是执行法律的机关。依法行政才能体现最广大人民的根本利益。坚持法律至上实际上正体现最广大人民的根本利益。实际工作中，要敢于坚持原则，不唯权，不畏势，法无明文规定不为，处罚法定。
2、严格、公正、文明执法原则
“严格”指在执行制度或掌握标准时，认真，不放松； “公正”指公平正直，没有偏私；“文明” 指人类社会发展到较高阶段和具有较高文化，与野蛮相对。行政机关是国家法治的重要组成部分，作为最直接的执法者，它代表国家在最广泛、最关切群众利益的层面上与广大群众打交道，它是法制形象的重要方面。执法的严格、公正、文明关系到“依法治国” 治国方略的顺利实施。实际工作中，对违法行为不枉不纵，合理使用自由裁量权，做到过罚相当。
3、执法与服务并重原则
执法与服务是不可分割的一个有机整体，依法行政是政府及其部门的天职，执法不到位就是失职，就是最大的服务缺位；服务是执法部门义不容辞的责任，通过执法可以为经济发展创造良好环境，更好地服务当地经济。因此，既要严格执法，又要热情服务；既不能因强化服务而削弱执法，也不能因强调执法而放松服务。要寓执法于服务之中，达到执法与服务的完美结合。
4、兼顾效率和保护原则
在执法过程中必须兼顾两个方面，一是通过执法保证行政机关迅速有力地打击行政违法行为；二是在此过程中不损害公民的合法权益。既要效率，又要保护，二者不可偏废。通过行政处罚达到维持经济和社会秩序的目标，同时也要保护当事人的合法权益，二者是统一的。
5、惩戒和教育相结合原则
在对违章行为人的处罚过程中，我们要坚持惩戒和教育相结合，处罚仅仅是一种管理手段，其最终目的是使当事人认识到其违法的行为，通过惩戒达到教育的目的，使其知法、懂法、守法。
6、按程序办事原则
程序是依法行政的保障。行政执法只有严格依照法定程序进行，才能使执法活动增加一份合法保证。由于受传统习惯的影响，在当前行政执法中普遍存在的重实体、轻程序的做法，应该引起高度重视。行政管理中的诸多程序法律法规已清楚载明，即使实体方面都正确，因为某一项程序上操作违法，同样会导致行政执法错误而被推上被告席。严格按程序操作，是我们依法行政的保证。
7、接受监督原则
绝对的权利，绝对的腐败。不受监督的权利，必然导致腐败。要自觉接受司法监督，以及群众监督和舆论监督。有效的监督制约机制，有利于正确实施行政处罚，防止或减少错误；也有利于防止执法人员徇私舞弊、滥用职权，侵害公民的合法权利。
山东蓬莱市工商局 田 凯
电话：0535-5615701
二○○四年十二月三十日
注：本文发表于《山东工商》05年第7期
随着市场经济体制的逐步完善和入世后规范市场经济秩序的要求，依法行政，已成为各级工商行政管理部门的共识。本人结合多年来的执法实践，有以下几点体会：
一是记住四句话：
1、事实要清楚；2、证据要充分；3、依据要正确；4、程序要合法。
二是五大行政法律要学习：
1、《行政处罚法》：(1)牢牢掌握处罚法定原则；(2)三个程序要掌握，其中一般程序一定要掌握，并记住两句话：先立案后取证，先取证后裁决；2、《行政诉讼法》：自觉接受司法监督；3、《行政复议法》：加强内部监督；4、《国家赔偿法》：不要给当事人造成损害，要文明执法；5、《行政监察法》：严格要求自己。
三是树立六种意识：
1、服务意识。为人民服务是党的宗旨，立党为公，执政为民。如何体现“权为民所用，情为民所系，利为民所谋”“三个代表”的精神实质，要见诸实际工作之中。为改革、开放服务，为经济建设服务，为社会稳定服务，是我们工作的出发点和落脚点，同样也是文明执法的出发点和落脚点。因此，只有树立了服务意识，才能有文明执法的思想基础，服务意识是做好各项工作的动力，是文明执法的力量源泉。
2、程序意识。程序是依法行政的保障。行政执法只有严格依照法定程序进行，才能使执法活动增加一份合法保证。由于受传统习惯的影响，在当前行政执法中普遍存在的重实体、轻程序的做法，应该引起高度重视。行政管理中的诸多程序法律法规已清楚载明，即使实体方面都正确，因为某一项程序上操作违法，同样会导致行政执法错误而被推上被告席。严格按程序操作，是我们文明执法的保证。
3、效果意识。效果是衡量执法水平的标尺。要端正执法观念，“发展是硬道理”，经济发展是一切工作的出发点和最终目的。要切忌盲目执法，杜绝执法的形式主义和教条主义，做好执法效果和社会效果的统一。因此，我们要通过查处大量的行政违法案件，扩大案件的社会效果，让更多的人接受法律的规范，依法行事，这也是我们文明执法的初衷。
4、效率意识。效率是行政的生命。随着经济的快速发展，各种经济违法行为越来越多，越来越隐蔽。这就要求我们反应迅速，出击有力，及时查处，依法多办案办好案，从而为促进经济发展，维护社会主义市场经济秩序，保驾护航。这是我们文明执法的目的。
5、质量意识。以事实为根据，以法律为准绳，严肃执法，秉公办案，保证案件质量，是我们文明执法的核心。所办案件，要经得起司法审查，经得起时间检验。
6、形象意识。人民群众对工商执法干部的信任是从外表开始的。如果衣着不整，满嘴脏话、粗话，举止轻浮，蛮横无理，人民群众就会失去对工商执法人员的信任感，文明执法就无从谈起。因此，实施“形象工程”，养成良好的品行和端庄的举止，文雅的谈吐，整齐的穿戴，给人民群众一个良好的第一印象，是我们文明执法的良好开端。
四是把握七大原则：
1、法律至上原则
法是国家意志的重要表现形式。我国是人民当家作主的社会主义国家，行政机关的权力来源于人民。人民代表大会表述意志的最基本的途径和形式是制定法律。行政机关也就是执行法律的机关。依法行政才能体现最广大人民的根本利益。坚持法律至上实际上正体现最广大人民的根本利益。实际工作中，要敢于坚持原则，不唯权，不畏势，法无明文规定不为，处罚法定。
2、严格、公正、文明执法原则
“严格”指在执行制度或掌握标准时，认真，不放松； “公正”指公平正直，没有偏私；“文明” 指人类社会发展到较高阶段和具有较高文化，与野蛮相对。行政机关是国家法治的重要组成部分，作为最直接的执法者，它代表国家在最广泛、最关切群众利益的层面上与广大群众打交道，它是法制形象的重要方面。执法的严格、公正、文明关系到“依法治国” 治国方略的顺利实施。实际工作中，对违法行为不枉不纵，合理使用自由裁量权，做到过罚相当。
3、执法与服务并重原则
执法与服务是不可分割的一个有机整体，依法行政是政府及其部门的天职，执法不到位就是失职，就是最大的服务缺位；服务是执法部门义不容辞的责任，通过执法可以为经济发展创造良好环境，更好地服务当地经济。因此，既要严格执法，又要热情服务；既不能因强化服务而削弱执法，也不能因强调执法而放松服务。要寓执法于服务之中，达到执法与服务的完美结合。
4、兼顾效率和保护原则
在执法过程中必须兼顾两个方面，一是通过执法保证行政机关迅速有力地打击行政违法行为；二是在此过程中不损害公民的合法权益。既要效率，又要保护，二者不可偏废。通过行政处罚达到维持经济和社会秩序的目标，同时也要保护当事人的合法权益，二者是统一的。
5、惩戒和教育相结合原则
在对违章行为人的处罚过程中，我们要坚持惩戒和教育相结合，处罚仅仅是一种管理手段，其最终目的是使当事人认识到其违法的行为，通过惩戒达到教育的目的，使其知法、懂法、守法。
6、按程序办事原则
程序是依法行政的保障。行政执法只有严格依照法定程序进行，才能使执法活动增加一份合法保证。由于受传统习惯的影响，在当前行政执法中普遍存在的重实体、轻程序的做法，应该引起高度重视。行政管理中的诸多程序法律法规已清楚载明，即使实体方面都正确，因为某一项程序上操作违法，同样会导致行政执法错误而被推上被告席。严格按程序操作，是我们依法行政的保证。
7、接受监督原则
绝对的权利，绝对的腐败。不受监督的权利，必然导致腐败。要自觉接受司法监督，以及群众监督和舆论监督。有效的监督制约机制，有利于正确实施行政处罚，防止或减少错误；也有利于防止执法人员徇私舞弊、滥用职权，侵害公民的合法权利。
山东蓬莱市工商局 田 凯
电话：0535-5615701
二○○四年十二月三十日
注：本文发表于《山东工商》05年第7期
下载地址: 点击此处下载
宜昌市城区土地储备管理实施办法
第153号
《宜昌市城区土地储备管理实施办法》已经2011年7月26日市人民政府第72次常务会议讨论通过，现予发布，自2011年10月1日起施行。
市长
二○一一年八月二十四日
宜昌市城区土地储备管理实施办法
第一章总则
第一条为完善土地储备制度，加强土地调控，促进土地集约利用，提高建设用地保障能力，根据《中华人民共和国土地管理法》、《中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法》、《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》和国土资源部、财政部、中国人民银行《土地储备管理办法》等规定，结合本市城区实际，制定本办法。
第二条本市城区（不含夷陵区，下同）范围内土地储备管理，适用本办法。
第三条本办法所称土地储备，是指市国土资源部门为实现调控土地市场、促进土地资源合理利用目标，依法取得土地，进行前期开发、储存以备供应土地的行为。
第四条城区土地储备，实行统一规划、统一储备、统一整理、统一供应的原则。
第五条市人民政府设立市土地储备委员会，负责城区土地储备工作的组织、领导、协调，决定土地储备活动中的重大事项。
各区人民政府依法负责本行政区域内国有土地上房屋征收与补偿以及集体土地征收补偿与安置工作。
市国土资源部门主管城区土地储备工作，其所属的市土地储备中心负责城区土地储备工作的具体实施。
市财政、规划、发展改革、住建、房屋征收、房管、城管执法、审计、监察等部门按照职责分工，各负其责，相互配合，共同做好城区土地储备工作。
第二章职责分工
第六条市土地储备委员会对土地储备工作履行下列职责：
（一）制定土地储备政策措施和管理规范；
（二）审议、决定土地储备规划和年度土地储备计划；
（三）审议、决定土地储备、开发和供应方案；
（四）审议、决定年度土地储备资金预算和贷款规模；
（五）协调解决土地储备中的重大问题；
（六）对土地储备工作进行督促检查。
第七条各区人民政府对土地储备工作履行下列职责：
（一）负责本行政区域内集体土地征收补偿与安置工作；
（二）负责本行政区域内国有土地上房屋征收与补偿工作；
（三）承办市土地储备委员会交办的其他事项。
第八条市国土资源部门对土地储备工作履行下列职责：
（一）会同相关部门编制土地储备规划，拟定年度土地储备计划；
（二）审核土地储备、开发和供应方案；
（三）储备土地调查和权属登记；
（四）组织土地储备涉及农用地转用、土地征收的报批；
（五）组织实施储备土地供应；
（六）承办市土地储备委员会交办的其他事项。
第九条市财政部门对土地储备工作履行下列职责：
（一）审核年度土地储备资金预算；
（二）审核土地储备贷款规模；
（三）安排土地储备资金；
（四）审核并列支土地储备成本；
（五）对土地储备资金使用情况进行监督检查；
（六）承办市土地储备委员会交办的其他事项。
第十条市规划部门对土地储备工作履行下列职责：
（一）及时向市土地储备中心提供规划成果；
（二）下达储备土地用途等基本规划条件；
（三）承办市土地储备委员会交办的其他事项。
第十一条市房屋征收部门对土地储备工作履行下列职责：
（一）负责对城区国有土地上房屋征收与补偿工作进行指导协调和监督管理；
（二）承办市土地储备委员会交办的其他事项。
第十二条市住建部门对土地储备工作履行下列职责：
（一）编制土地储备控制区范围内配套基础设施建设计划；
（二）组织实施储备土地上的市政基础设施建设；
（三）承办市土地储备委员会交办的其他事项。
第十三条市土地储备中心履行下列职责：
（一）编制并实施土地储备、开发、供应方案；
（二）编制年度土地储备资金预算，对土地收购及开发成本进行核算；
（三）筹集、使用土地储备资金；
（四）负责土地储备日常工作；
（五）承办市土地储备委员会交办的其他具体工作。
第十四条市审计部门依法对土地储备资金的使用情况实施审计监督。
市监察部门依法对土地储备工作实施效能监察，并按照干部管理权限，对国家工作人员违反本办法规定的行为依法实施责任追究。
第三章规划与计划
第十五条市国土资源部门会同市规划、发展改革、住建、财政等相关部门，根据本市国民经济和社会发展规划、土地利用总体规划、城市总体规划等相关规划编制土地储备规划，报市土地储备委员会批准后组织实施。
第十六条土地储备规划应当包括一定时期（5~10年）内城区土地储备的总量、规模、结构类型、区域分布、分期储备方案等。对近期拟进行储备的特定区域，应当划定为土地储备控制区。
对土地储备控制区范围内的土地，土地使用权人不得擅自改变土地和地上建（构）筑物的权属、性质、用途及利用现状。
第十七条市国土资源部门会同市规划、财政部门，根据土地储备规划、土地利用年度计划和市场供需状况，拟定年度土地储备计划，报市土地储备委员会批准后组织实施。
第四章范围与程序
第十八条下列土地应当纳入土地储备范围：
（一）依法收回的国有土地；
（二）行使优先购买权取得的土地；
（三）依照城市规划或土地使用权人申请收购的土地；
（四）已办理农用地转用、土地征收批准手续的土地；
（五）未确定土地使用权人的国有土地；
（六）其他依法应当纳入储备的土地。
第十九条依法收回国有土地使用权的土地，由市国土资源部门办理土地使用权注销登记手续后纳入土地储备。
依法收回国有土地使用权涉及房屋征收的，依照《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》和市人民政府的有关规定实施征收与补偿。
第二十条土地使用权人转让原以出让方式取得的土地使用权，申报土地使用权转让价格比标定地价低20%以上的，由市土地储备中心代表市人民政府行使优先购买权并纳入土地储备。
行使优先购买权取得土地，按下列程序办理：
（一）市土地储备中心按照申报土地使用权转让价格及相关付款条件，向土地使用权人支付土地价款;
（二）土地使用权人应当在收到土地使用权转让价款后，依法申请办理土地使用权、房屋所有权注销登记;逾期不申请的，由市国土资源、房产管理部门报市人民政府批准后，依法办理土地使用权、房屋所有权注销登记手续。
第二十一条收购土地使用权，按下列程序办理：
（一）市国土资源部门对收购范围内的土地及地上房屋进行实地调查核实;
（二）市规划部门下达收购土地用途等基本规划条件;
（三）市土地储备中心委托具有相应资质的房地产价格评估机构对拟收购土地及地上房屋进行评估;
（四）市土地储备中心拟定土地储备方案，经市国土资源、财政部门审核后，报市土地储备委员会批准;
（五）市土地储备中心根据批准的储备方案，与土地使用权人签订土地使用权收购合同，并按照合同约定向土地使用权人支付土地及地上房屋收购价款;
（六）市国土资源部门依法办理土地使用权注销登记手续，纳入土地储备。
土地使用权人原以出让方式取得土地使用权的，原《国有土地使用权出让合同》自收购合同生效之日起予以解除。
第二十二条农用地转用、集体土地征收后纳入土地储备的，按下列程序办理：
（一）市土地储备中心根据城乡规划、土地利用总体规划和土地储备规划，向市规划部门申请下达储备土地用途等基本规划条件;
（二）市国土资源部门对拟储备的土地及地上附着物进行调查核实；
（三）市土地储备中心提请市国土资源部门依法办理农用地转用、土地征收报批手续；
（四）被征地所在地的区人民政府依法组织实施征地补偿与安置；
（五）征地补偿与安置完成后，由国土资源管理部门依法办理集体土地所有权、土地使用权注销登记手续，纳入土地储备；涉及地上房屋已登记的，由房产管理部门依法办理房屋所有权注销登记手续。
第五章管理与利用
第二十三条按照本办法的规定纳入储备的土地，由市土地储备中心按照城市规划用途或储备用途，向市国土资源部门申请办理登记。
第二十四条市土地储备中心应当根据土地储备规划、城市近期建设规划和年度土地储备计划，编制储备土地开发方案，经市国土资源、财政部门审核并报市土地储备委员会批准后组织实施。
第二十五条市土地储备中心或市土地储备委员会确定的其他单位应当根据储备土地开发方案，对储备土地进行前期开发整理。
第二十六条市土地储备中心应当对土地储备项目建立档案和台帐，进行动态管理，并完善土地储备信息系统。
第二十七条在完成前期开发整理后，市土地储备中心根据城市建设和经济社会发展需求及年度土地供应计划，拟定储备土地供应方案，经市国土资源部门审核并报市土地储备委员会批准后组织实施。
建设用地应当优先从储备的土地中选用。储备土地应当优先保证保障房建设用地。
第二十八条土地使用者依法取得土地后，应当严格按照土地出让合同、划拨决定书规定的用途和开发时限要求使用土地。对不按规定用途和开发时限要求使用的，由市国土资源部门依法收回其土地使用权，并重新纳入土地储备。
第六章资金管理
第二十九条土地储备资金的主要来源包括：
（一）财政部门从已供应储备土地产生的土地出让收入中安排的资金；
（二）财政部门从国有土地纯收益中安排的资金；
（三）市土地储备中心举借的银行及其他金融机构贷款；
（四）经财政部门批准可用于土地储备的其他资金；
（五）上述资金产生的利息收入。
第三十条市财政部门按照国有土地纯收益的一定比例，提取土地储备专项资金。土地储备专项资金实行专户储存、单独核算，专项用于国有土地储备。
第三十一条市土地储备中心举借的贷款规模，应当与年度土地储备计划、土地储备资金预算相衔接，经市财政部门审核后报市土地储备委员会批准。土地储备贷款实行专款专用。
储备土地设定抵押权，其价值按照规划用途的评估价值确定。
第三十二条市财政部门应当根据土地储备工作的需要及概算情况，安排适当的土地储备周转金，并及时核拨用于土地储备的各项资金。对市土地储备中心垫付的储备成本，财政部门在收到土地价款后，按宗地优先拨付给市土地储备中心。属于成片开发的储备土地，先按成本概算核定拨付，待片区成本核定后，再按片区进行决算。
第三十三条市土地储备委员会、国有土地上房屋征收与补偿委员会根据各区人民政府实施的集体土地征收补偿与安置、国有土地上房屋征收与补偿工作任务，安排必要的工作经费，并视完成情况给予奖励。具体方案由市财政部门会同市国土资源、房屋征收等部门拟定，报市土地储备委员会、国有土地上房屋征收与补偿委员会批准后实施。
第七章违规处理
第三十四条违反本办法规定，擅自改变土地储备控制区范围内土地利用现状的，国土资源、规划、住建、公安等相关部门不得办理新建、改建、扩建房屋和改变土地、房屋用途及户口迁入等相关的许可和登记手续。
第三十五条违反本办法规定，截留或挪用土地储备资金的，由财政、审计等部门责令其限期改正；情节严重的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人依法依纪给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第三十六条国家工作人员在土地储备工作中玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊的，依法依纪给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第八章附则
第三十七条夷陵区土地储备工作应当在市土地储备委员会的统一领导下进行，其年度土地储备计划、国有建设用地供应计划应当报市土地储备委员会批准后实施。
第三十八条本办法自2011年10月1日起施行。有效期至2015年12月31日止。2000年4月5日市人民政府发布的《宜昌市城区土地储备暂行办法》（市人民政府令第86号）同时废止。
JOINT DECLARATION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE QUESTION OF HONG KONG ——附加英文版
JOINT DECLARATION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE QUESTION OF HONG KONG
WHOLE DOCUMENT
Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland
the Government of the People's Republic of China have reviewed
with
sfaction the friendly relations existing between the two
Governments
peoples in recent years and agreed that a proper negotiated
settlement
he question of Hong Kong, which is left over from the past, is
con-
ve to the maintenance of the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong
and
he further strengthening and development of the relations between
the
countries on a new basis. To this end, they have, after talks
between
delegations of the two Governments, agreed to declare as follows:
he Government of the People's Republic of China declares
that to
ver the Hong Kong area (including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and
the
Territories, hereinafter referred to as Hong Kong) is the
common
ration of the entire Chinese people, and that it has decided to
resume
exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from 1 July
1997.
he Government of the United Kingdom declares that it will restore
Hong
to the People's Republic of China with effect from 1 July 1997.
he Government of the People's Republic of China declares
that the
c policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong
are
ollows:
Upholding national unity and territorial integrity and taking
account
he history of Hong Kong and its realities, the People's
Republic of
a has decided to establish, in accordance with the
provisions of
cle 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, a
Hong
Special Administrative Region upon resuming the
exercise of
reignty over Hong Kong.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be directly
under the
ority of the Central People's Government of the People's
Republic of
a. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will enjoy
a high
ee of autonomy, except in foreign and defence affairs which are
the
onsibilities of the Central People's Government.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be
vested with
utive, legislative and independent judicial power, including
that of
l adjudication. The laws currently in force in Hong Kong will
remain
cally unchanged.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
will be
osed of local inhabitants. The chief executive will be
appointed by
Central People's Government on the basis of the results of
elections
onsultations to be held locally. Principal officials will be
nominated
he chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
for
intment by the Central People's Government. Chinese and
foreign
onals previously working in the public and police services
in the
rnment departments of Hong Kong may remain in employment. British
and
r foreign nationals may also be employed to serve as advisers or
hold
ain public posts in government departments of the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region.
The current social and economic systems in Hong Kong will
remain
anged, and so will the life-style. Rights and freedoms,
including
e of the person, of speech, of the press, of assembly, of
association,
ravel, of movement, of correspondence, of strike, of
choice of
pation, of academic research and of religious belief will be
ensured
aw in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Private
property,
rship of enterprises, legitimate right of inheritance and
foreign
stment will be protected by law.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will retain the
status of
ee port and a separate customs territory.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will retain the
status of
nternational financial centre, and its markets for foreign
exchange,
, securities and futures will continue. There will be free
flow of
tal. The Hong Kong dollar will continue to circulate and remain
freely
ertible.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will have
independent
nces. The Central People's Government will not levy taxes on the
Hong
Special Administrative Region.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may establish
mutually
ficial economic relations with the United Kingdom and other
countries,
e economic interests in Hong Kong will be given due regard.
Using the name of "Hong Kong, China", the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region may on its own maintain and develop
economic and
ural relations and conclude relevant agreements with states,
regions
relevant international organizations. The Government of the
Hong Kong
ial Administrative Region may on its own issue travel
documents for
y into and exit from Hong Kong.
The maintenance of public order in the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region will be the responsibility of the Government
of the
Kong Special Administrative Region.
The above-stated basic policies of the People's Republic of
China
rding Hong Kong and the elaboration of them in Annex I to this
Joint
aration will be stipulated, in a Basic Law of the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region of the People's Republic of China, by the
National
le's Congress of the People's Republic of China, and they will
remain
anged for 50 years.
he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
blic of China declare that, during the transitional period
between the
of the entry into force of this Joint Declaration and 30 June
1997,
Government of the United Kingdom will be responsible
for the
nistration of Hong Kong with the object of maintaining and
preserving
economic prosperity and social stability; and that the
Government of
People's Republic of China will give its cooperation
in this
ection.
he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
blic of China declare that, in order to ensure a smooth
transfer of
rnment in 1997, and with a view to the effective
implementation of
Joint Declaration, a Sino-British Joint Liaison Group will be set
up
this Joint Declaration enters into force; and that it
will be
blished and will function in accordance with the provisions of
Annex
o this Joint Declaration.
he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
blic of China declare that land leases in Hong Kong and other
related
ers will be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Annex
III
his Joint Declaration.
he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
blic of China agree to implement the preceding declarations
and the
xes to this Joint Declaration.
his Joint Declaration is subject to ratification and shall enter
into
e on the date of the exchange of instruments of ratification,
which
l take place in Beijing before 30 June 1985. This Joint
Declaration
its Annexes shall be equally binding. Done in duplicate at
Beijing on
ecember 1984 in the English and Chinese languages, both texts
being
lly authentic.
the For the
rnment of the United Kingdom Government of the
reat Britain and Northern Ireland People's Republic of China
rate Thatcher Zhao Ziyang
ANNEX I: ELABORATION BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
CHINA OF ITS BASIC POLICIES REGARDING HONG KONG
Government of the People's Republic of China elaborates the
basic
cies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong as set
out
aragraph 3 of the Joint Declaration of the Government of the
United
dom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of
the
le's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong as follows:
Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates in
Article
hat "the state may establish special administrative
regions when
ssary. The systems to be instituted in special administrative
regions
l be prescribed by laws enacted by the National People's
Congress in
light of the specific conditions." In accordance with this
Article,
People's Republic of China shall, upon the resumption of the
exercise
overeignty over Hong Kong on 1 July 1997, establish the Hong
Kong
ial Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.
The
onal People's Congress of the People's Republic of China shall
enact
promulgate a Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
he People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the
Basic
in accordance with the Constitution of the People's
Republic of
a, stipulating that after the establishment of the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region the socialist system and socialist policies
shall
be practised in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and
that
Kong's previous capitalist system and life-style shall
remain
anged for 50 years.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be directly
under the
ority of the Central People's Government of the People's
Republic of
a and shall enjoy a high degree of autonomy. Except for foreign
and
nce affairs which are the responsibilities of the Central
People's
rnment, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be
vested
executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including
that
inal adjudication. The Central People's Government shall
authorise the
Kong Special Administrative Region to conduct on its own
those
rnal affairs specified in Section XI of this Annex.
government and legislature of the Hong Kong Special
Administrative
on shall be composed of local inhabitants. The chief executive
of the
Kong Special Administrative Region shall be selected by
election or
ugh consultations held locally and be appointed by the
Central
le's Government. Principal officials (equivalent to Secretaries)
shall
nominated by the chief executive of the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region and appointed by the Central People's
Government.
legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
shall be
tituted by elections. The executive authorities shall abide by
the law
shall be accountable to the legislature.
ddition to Chinese, English may also be used in organs of
government
in the courts in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
t from displaying the national flag and national emblem
of the
le's Republic of China, the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
use a regional flag and emblem of its own.
r the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region,
laws previously in force in Hong Kong (i. e. the common law, rules
of
ty, ordinances, subordinate legislation and customary law)
shall be
tained, save for any that contravene the Basic Law and subject
to any
dment by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region legislature.
The
slative power of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
shall be
ed in the Legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region.
legislature may on its own authority enact laws in accordance with
the
isions of the Basic Law and legal procedures, and report them to
the
ding Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
Laws
ted by the legislature which are in accordance with the Basic Law
and
l procedures shall be regarded as valid.
laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be the
Basic
and the laws previously in force in Hong Kong and laws enacted
by the
Kong Special Administrative Region legislature as above.
r the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region,
judicial system previously practised in Hong Kong shall be
maintained
pt for those changes consequent upon the vesting in the courts
of the
Kong Special Administrative Region of the power of
final
dication.
cial power in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
shall be
ed in the courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
The
ts shall exercise judicial power independently and free
from any
rference. Members of the judiciary shall be immune from legal
action
espect of their judicial functions. The courts shall decide
cases in
rdance with the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
may refer to precedents in other common law jurisdictions.
Judges of
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region courts shall be
appointed by
chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
acting
accordance with the recommendation of an independent
commission
osed of local judges, persons from the legal profession and
other
ent persons. Judges shall be chosen by reference to their
judicial
ities and may be recruited from other common law
jurisdictions. A
e may only be removed for inability to discharge the functions
of his
ce, or for misbehaviour, by the chief executive of the
Hong Kong
ial Administrative Region acting in accordance with the
recommendation
tribunal appointed by the chief judge of the court of final
appeal,
isting of not fewer than three local judges.
Additionally, the
intment or removal of principal judges (i. e. those of the
highest
) shall be made by the chief executive with the endorsement of
the
Kong Special Administrative Region legislature and reported
to the
ding Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
The
em of appointment and removal of judicial officers other than
judges
l be maintained.
power of final judgment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
l be vested in the court of final appeal in the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region, which may as required invite judges from
other
on law jurisdictions to sit on the court of final appeal.
osecuting authority of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
l control criminal prosecutions free from any interference.
he basis of the system previously operating in Hong Kong, the
Hong
Special Administrative Region Government shall on its
own make
ision for local lawyers and lawyers from outside the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region to work and practise in the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region.
Central People's Government shall assist or authorise the Hong
Kong
ial Administrative Region Government to make appropriate
arrangements
reciprocal juridical assistance with foreign states.
r the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region,
ic servants previously serving in Hong Kong in all
government
rtment, including the police department, and members of the
judiciary
all remain in employment and continue their service
with pay,
wances, benefits and conditions of service no less
favourable than
re. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government
shall pay
uch persons who retire or complete their contracts, as well
as to
e who have retired before 1 July 1997, or to their dependants,
all
ions, gratuities, allowances and benefits due to them on terms
no less
urable than before, and irrespective of their nationality or
place of
dence.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government may employ
British
other foreign nationals previously serving in the public
service in
Kong, and may recruit British and other foreign nationals
holding
anent identity cards of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region to
e as public servants at all levels, except as heads
of major
rnment departments (corresponding to branches or
departments at
etary level) including the police department, and as deputy
heads of
of those departments. The Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
rnment may also employ British and other foreign nationals as
advisers
overnment departments and, when there is a need, may recruit
qualified
idates from outside the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region to
essional and technical posts in government departments,
The above
l be employed only in their individual capacities and, like
other
ic servants, shall be responsible to the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region Government.
appointment and promotion of public servants shall be on the basis
of
ifications, experience and ability. Hong Kong's previous
system of
uitment, employment, assessment, discipline, training and
management
the public service (including special bodies for appointment, pay
and
itions of service) shall, save for any provisions providing
privileged
tment for foreign nationals, be maintained.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall deal on its own
with
ncial matters, including disposing of its financial
resources and
ing up its budgets and its final accounts. The Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region shall report its budgets and final accounts to
the
ral People's Government for the record. The Central
People's
rnment shall not levy taxes on the Hong Kong Special
Administrative
on. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall
use its
ncial revenues exclusively for its own purposes and they shall
not be
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